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Zanza Sfuggire alla calura estiva, specialmente in città, non è impresa da poco. Mentre pochi fortunati si possono permettere di farsi venire una bella bronchite con il loro super-condizionatore, la maggior parte dei comuni mortali deve ingegnarsi per non finire lessata nel corso della notte.
Il nemico giurato del “rinfrescatore casalingo” è l’asfalto che, con invidiabile e sadica generosità, restituisce nelle ore notturne tutto il calore accumulato nel corso della giornata. Nonostante questa stufa al katrame, quando giungono le nove di sera, spalancare finestre, abbaini, persiane e porte diventa un imperativo categorico per rinfrescare casa. Con l’ausilio di ventilatori, tende e riti sciamanici, i più virtuosi riescono ad abbassare la temperatura tra le mura domestiche anche di un paio di gradi, portandosi dagli abituali 36°C alla temperatura artica di 34°C.

Una casa con tutte le finestre spalancate non diventa solamente una discreta galleria del vento, ma anche un ottimo self-service per interi sciami di fameliche zanzare, pronte a banchettare con il sangue che – in balia del caldo estivo – ci ribolle nelle vene. Considerata l’assidua frequentazione estiva, eccovi alcune curiosità su cui riflettere prima di spiaccicare queste odiose succhiasangue con sapienti e misurati colpi di pantofola.
Secondo gli entomologi esistono quasi 3.000 varietà di zanzare, che ricoprono buona parte delle aree climatiche del pianeta dalla tundra artica alle foreste tropicali. La maggior parte amano l’oscurità, ma alcune non disprezzano un bel pranzetto in piena luce diurna. Alcune specie si adattano a particolari e ristrette aree geografiche. È il caso della zanzara della metropolitana di Londra, scoperta nel 1998, che discende da una specie rimasta intrappolata cento anni fa nei primi tunnel dei trasporti sotterranei londinesi.

Un team di ricercatori ha stimato che per prosciugare l’intero ammontare di sangue presente in un uomo adulto, occorrerebbero 1.200.000 punture di zanzara, ma il malcapitato morirebbe molto prima per shock anafilattico.
Quando una zanzara è satolla, uno specifico recettore chimico interrompe la “pompa” aspirante che succhia il sangue. In alcuni esperimenti di laboratorio è stato possibile disattivare questo recettore: le zanzare continuavano ad aspirare sangue fino a esplodere. Utilità dell’esperimento? Vendetta, credo.
A differenza degli umani, i maschi di zanzara sono degli ottimi ascoltatori. Le loro orecchie sono dotate di moltissimi sensori in grado di udire anche a grande distanza il ronzio delle femmine. Intercettata una potenziale compagna, questi latin lover succhiasangue sincronizzano il loro ronzare con quello delle loro prede. In pratica attaccano bottone come al bar…

Per accoppiarsi le zanzare prediligono l’aria. Un rapporto sessuale completo, compresi i preliminari (una danza tra gli spasimanti), dura circa 15 secondi. Dopodiché la femmina va in cerca di un po’ di sangue per recuperare energie e avere una giusta dose di proteine per produrre le uova. I maschi di zanzara sono innocui, salvo non siate una pianta. Sono vegetariani.
Milioni di anni fa le zanzare erano circa tre volte più grandi di quanto non siano oggi. L’apparato visivo è pressoché rimasto invariato e si basa ancora sull’infrarosso. A differenza di quanto si possa immaginare, le zanzare non sono tanto attratte dal sudore, quanto dall’aria che emettiamo quando espiriamo.

Le zanzare sono tra le prime cause di morte in tutto il pianeta. Si stima che ogni anno un milione di persone muoia di malaria dopo essere stato contagiato da una zanzara. Questi insetti veicolano anche altre malattie come la dengue, la febbre gialla e il terribile virus del Nilo. Fortunatamente, il virus dell’AIDS non viene veicolato dalle zanzare per due ragioni: le particelle del virus HIV nel sangue di un uomo infetto sono pochissime e, se anche una zanzara ne succhiasse una parte durante un “prelievo”, sarebbero immediatamente distrutte dall’apparato digerente dell’insetto.
Ultima curiosità, a Komarno (Manitoba, Canada) nel 1984 è stato eretto un monumento alla zanzara. La statua ha un’apertura alare di quasi cinque metri… ma fortunatamente non morde!

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  1. A me le bastarde non pizzicano..:-))))
    In compenso, massacrano tutti gli altri Comicomix..eh eh eh eh
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  2. non parlarmi del caldo, qui non se ne può più!!! bel post, adatto alla stagione -secondo me oggi finisci in home page – 🙂

  5. Non è necessario andare fino in Canada, anche lo scrittore Sebastiano Vassalli ha eretto nel cortile di casa sua, tra le risaie del vercellese, un monumento alla zanzara.
    Se esistono interi sciami di fameliche zanzare, pronte a banchettare, la colpa però è soprattutto nostra. Sono sempre meno pipistrelli, rondini, libellule, i loro naturali antagonisti. Convinciamoli a tornare!

  6. Qui ci sono le zanzare portatrici di dengue, ma io sono pressoché immune ai loro attacchi. Se dipende dall’aria che emettiamo quando espiriamo, mi sa che ho l’alitosi, eppure non me ne ero mai accorto.

  7. Ho sempre pensato che le zanzare ci attaccano soprattutto di notte perchè in questa fase anche noi facciamo zzzzzz….

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